Wushu

The word wushu consists of two characters, "wu", meaning martial, and "shu", meaning art, skill, or method. Together, these form a word which literally translates into "martial art." Wushu is commonly used in much the same way as kung fu- as a general term for any Chinese martial art. Many also use modern wushu or contemporary wushu as names for the modern styles of Chinese martial arts that are practiced solely for exhibition and competition.

A more accurate translation of Wushu, however, is "method to stop weapon," or "the art of stopping violence"- which is similar to the Western term "self defense." This translation is in keeping with a philosophy that is present in many Chinese martial arts- that the best way to defeat an enemy is to do so without fighting, and the easiest way to avoid fights is to avoid situations which might lead to fighting.

Modern wushu is practiced as a demonstration sport, much like gymnastics. It is judged and given points according to specific rules. Also similar to gymnastics, there are separate events which include: barehand routines; short weapon routines; and long weapon routines. Changquan is the most widely-seen of the wushu events, and includes whirling, running, leaping, and acrobatics. Changquan is difficult to perform, requiring great flexibility and athleticism, and is often practiced from a young age.

These events are performed using compulsory or individual routines during competition. Compulsory routines are those which competitors must all perform in the same way, while individual routines are those competitors create with the help of their coaches, and are unique for each. International wushu competitions most often use compulsory routines, while high-level competitions in China most often use individual routines.

Another modern form of wushu, called Sanda or Sanshou, is a fighting method influenced by traditional Chinese methods as well as methods from other countries. Sanda is much like kickboxing or Muay Thai, but includes throwing methods. Sanda fighting competitions are often held alongside modern form wushu competitions.